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Urinary tract infections among diaphragm users.

E M Wall, C Baldwin-Johnson

    The Journal of Family Practice
    |May 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

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    Diaphragm use does not appear to increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women aged 15-45. This study found no significant association between diaphragm use and developing UTIs, challenging previous assumptions.

    Area of Science:

    • Urology
    • Contraception
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Previous studies suggested a link between diaphragm use and urinary tract infections (UTIs).
    • The assumption of increased UTI risk with diaphragm use requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relative risk of developing UTIs among diaphragm users.
    • To determine if diaphragm use is a significant risk factor for lower urinary tract infections.

    Main Methods:

    • A case-control study was conducted over 15 months.
    • Reviewed patient charts for women aged 15-45, comparing diaphragm users (cases) with those using other contraception or controls with upper respiratory infections.
    • Defined UTIs based on urinalysis and culture results.
    Keywords:
    Age FactorsBacterial And Fungal DiseasesBarrier MethodsBiologyContraceptionContraceptive Methods--complicationsContraceptive UsageDemographic FactorsDiseasesFamily PlanningFertilityInfectionsPhysiologyPopulationPopulation At RiskPopulation CharacteristicsPopulation DynamicsReproductive BehaviorResearch MethodologyUrogenital EffectsUrogenital SystemVaginal Barrier Methods--complicationsVaginal Diaphragm--complications

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    Main Results:

    • The relative odds of developing UTIs for diaphragm users ranged from 0.88 to 1.10, depending on UTI definition.
    • Considering all barrier methods, the odds ratio ranged from 0.88 to 1.21.
    • Many charts lacked complete documentation of UTI symptoms and laboratory confirmation.

    Conclusions:

    • The study findings do not support a causal link between diaphragm use and subsequent UTIs.
    • The assumption that diaphragm use leads to increased UTI risk is questionable.
    • Further research with robust documentation is needed to clarify the relationship.