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Maximal respiratory pressures in children.

J S Wagener, M E Hibbert, L I Landau

The American Review of Respiratory Disease

|May 1, 1984

Summary

Maximal inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory (PEmax) pressures in children show variability but are influenced by muscle area. PEmax is lower than in adults, while PImax is comparable, suggesting additional factors affect inspiratory efforts.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric respiratory physiology
Pulmonary function testing
Child health and development

Background:

Maximal respiratory pressures are key indicators of respiratory muscle strength.
Understanding pediatric respiratory muscle function is crucial for assessing lung health.
Previous studies have established reference values for adult respiratory pressures.

Purpose of the Study:

To measure and analyze maximal inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory (PEmax) pressures in a cohort of children.
To assess the reproducibility and influencing factors of these pressures in pediatric subjects.
To compare pediatric respiratory pressures with existing adult data.

Main Methods:

Maximal inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory (PEmax) pressures were measured seven times over one month in 40 children.
Subjects performed 20 repeated efforts after an initial learning period.
Measurements were correlated with anthropometric data, including age, height, and upper arm muscle area.

Main Results:

After learning, PImax averaged 11.1 ± 2.4 kPa and PEmax averaged 14.0 ± 3.6 kPa.
Individual coefficients of variation were 10% for PImax and 11% for PEmax, indicating good reproducibility.
Postpubertal boys exhibited higher pressures than girls, linked to greater muscle area; pressures correlated with muscle area, age, and height.

Conclusions:

Pediatric expiratory pressures (PEmax) are lower than adult values, likely due to developmental differences in muscle mass.
Pediatric inspiratory pressures (PImax) are comparable to adult values, suggesting factors beyond muscle strength influence inspiratory capacity in children.
Respiratory muscle strength and development play a significant role in maximal respiratory pressures during childhood.

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