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Naloxone reduces decrease in ventilation induced by hypoxia in newborn infants.

C De Boeck, P Van Reempts, H Rigatto

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |June 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Endogenous opiates partially explain the reduced breathing in newborn infants exposed to low oxygen. Naloxone, an opiate blocker, lessened this decrease, indicating opiates

    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Physiology
    • Respiratory Control
    • Neuropharmacology

    Background:

    • The mechanisms reducing ventilation in newborns breathing low oxygen remain unclear.
    • Endogenous opiates are hypothesized to play a role in this hypoxemic ventilatory depression.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of endogenous opiates in the ventilatory response to hypoxia in healthy newborn infants.
    • To test if naloxone administration alters the decrease in ventilation during low oxygen exposure.

    Main Methods:

    • Eleven healthy newborn infants participated in the study.
    • Infants breathed 15% oxygen (hypoxia) after receiving either saline or naloxone.
    • Minute ventilation (VE) and ventilatory patterns were monitored.

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    Main Results:

    • Naloxone administration significantly reduced the decrease in minute ventilation during hypoxia compared to saline.
    • VE decreased by approximately 14% after saline but only 4% after naloxone.
    • Naloxone did not affect periodic breathing during hypoxia.

    Conclusions:

    • Endogenous opiates contribute partially to the ventilatory depression observed in healthy newborns during hypoxemia.
    • The full adult-like ventilatory response to hypoxemia was not achieved.