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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements.
Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)
07:44

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)

Published on: September 27, 2010

Auditory perception in early lateralized brain damage.

M Bergman, H Costeff, V Koren

    Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
    |June 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Children with early left hemisphere damage can develop speech processing in the opposite brain hemisphere by age 3. This hemispheric transfer for cognitive functions appears unique to early brain development.

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    Published on: July 31, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Speech Perception

    Background:

    • Hemispheric dominance for speech perception is well-established in adults.
    • Early brain damage can impact cognitive function lateralization.
    • Understanding developmental plasticity is crucial for neurological recovery.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate hemispheric dominance for speech perception in children with early hemiplegia.
    • To determine the age at which speech processing lateralization is completed in cases of early left hemisphere damage.
    • To compare developmental plasticity in children with acquired brain damage to adult stroke patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Compared speech perception performance in 28 children with congenital/infantile hemiplegia to controls.
    • Included non-aphasic adults with recent cerebrovascular accident (CVA) for comparison.
    • Utilized established methods for assessing hemispheric dominance in speech perception.

    Main Results:

    • Confirmed that speech processing dominance transfers to the right hemisphere in children with early left hemisphere damage.
    • Demonstrated that this hemispheric transfer can be completed as early as 3 years of age.
    • Found evidence that this compensatory mechanism is less effective in adults with later-onset brain damage.

    Conclusions:

    • Hemispheric transfer for speech processing is a completed developmental process in childhood.
    • Early childhood (by age 3) is a critical period for establishing alternative hemispheric dominance for speech.
    • Cognitive functions lateralized early in life show greater plasticity compared to later in life.