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Related Experiment Videos

Paradigms and problem-solving: a literature review.

E S Berner

    Journal of Medical Education
    |August 1, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Thomas Kuhn's paradigm theory explains conflicting research on medical problem-solving. A new model suggests multiple problem types and strategies are key for better understanding medical expertise.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Education
    • Philosophy of Science

    Background:

    • Thomas Kuhn's concept of scientific paradigms offers a framework for analyzing medical education research.
    • Conflicting research findings in medical problem-solving over the past 20 years necessitate a re-evaluation of underlying assumptions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze medical problem-solving research through the lens of Kuhn's paradigm theory.
    • To explain inconsistencies in medical problem-solving research by examining implicit assumptions.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and conceptual analysis applying Kuhn's philosophy of science to medical education.
    • Examination of empirical data demonstrating low correlations in problem-solving measures, inconsistent experience-ability relationships, and case specificity.

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    Main Results:

    • Research on medical problem-solving exhibits low correlations between different assessment methods.
    • The relationship between clinical experience and problem-solving ability is inconsistent.
    • Problem-solving performance is highly specific to the clinical case presented.

    Conclusions:

    • Kuhn's paradigm concept helps elucidate the variability and contradictions in medical problem-solving research.
    • A new paradigm is proposed, recognizing diverse problem types and multiple solution strategies in medical expertise.