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Bronchial perforation and bronchoesophageal fistulas: tuberculous origin in children
Insights
Tuberculosis can cause rare airway and esophageal fistulas. Prompt diagnosis and antituberculous chemotherapy are crucial for patient survival and recovery from these serious tuberculous complications.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Gastroenterology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Tuberculous oritin is a rare but serious condition.
- Bronchial perforation and bronchoesophageal fistulas are uncommon manifestations of tuberculosis.
- Misdiagnosis can lead to delayed or inappropriate treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present cases of bronchial perforation and bronchoesophageal fistula caused by tuberculosis.
- To highlight the diagnostic utility of radiological imaging.
- To discuss treatment outcomes and complications.
Main Methods:
- Case series presentation.
- Radiological diagnosis using bronchography and esophagography.
- Treatment with antituberculous chemotherapy.
- Surgical exploration in one fatal case.
Main Results:
- Three cases of tuberculous oritin involving bronchial perforation (1) and bronchoesophageal fistula (2) were identified.
- Radiological imaging confirmed the presence and location of the lesions.
- One patient with bronchoesophageal fistula and undiagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis died.
- Two patients treated with antituberculous chemotherapy showed positive response.
- A large esophageal diverticulum was noted in one patient after fistula closure.
Conclusions:
- Tuberculosis can present with rare bronchoesophageal fistulas and bronchial perforations.
- Radiological methods are essential for accurate diagnosis.
- Antituberculous chemotherapy is effective in managing these conditions.
- Esophageal diverticula can be a long-term sequela of healed bronchoesophageal fistulas.
Abstract:
A case of bronchial perforation and two cases of bronchoesophageal fistula of tuberculous oritin are presented. The lesions were radiologically identified by bronchography in one patient and esophagography in the other two. One patient with bronchoesophageal fistula died. His lesion had been erroneously considered to be congenital. At surgery, widespread pulmonary tuberculosis was found. The other two patients responded to antituberculous chemotherapy. In one of them, a follow-up barium esophagogram showed a large esophageal diverticulum located where a previous fistulous opening had closed.