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Histopathological changes in the temporal bone in kwashiorkor.

Y P Kapur, L Michaels, M El-Sheikh

    Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences
    |June 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Protein/calorie malnutrition (PCM) in kwashiorkor causes severe damage to the human ear, including the middle and inner ear structures and the vestibulocochlear nerve. Histopathology reveals inflammation and cellular degeneration, impacting hearing and balance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Otorhinolaryngology
    • Pathology
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Kwashiorkor, a severe form of protein/calorie malnutrition (PCM), presents unique challenges in understanding its systemic effects.
    • The impact of severe malnutrition on auditory and vestibular systems is not well-documented, particularly at the histopathological level.

    Observation:

    • This study examines the temporal bones of two individuals diagnosed with kwashiorkor.
    • Detailed histopathological analysis was performed to identify structural changes in the auditory and vestibular pathways.

    Findings:

    • Severe damage was observed in the middle ear, inner ear, and vestibulocochlear nerve.
    • Chronic otitis media, thickened round window membranes with inflammatory infiltration, hair cell loss in the spiral organ, decreased spiral ganglion cells, and demyelination of the vestibulocochlear nerve were noted.

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    Implications:

    • These findings highlight the significant ototoxic effects of kwashiorkor, potentially leading to hearing loss and balance disorders.
    • Understanding these histopathological changes is crucial for developing targeted interventions and improving patient outcomes in cases of severe malnutrition.