Glucose oxidase bienzyme electrodes for ATP, NAD+, starch and disaccharides

Based on a glucose oxidase sensor for determination of glucose several glucoseoxidase bioenzyme electrodes have been developed. Enzymes producing glucose by hydrolysis of saccharides (glucamylase, invertase, cellulase) as well as glucose consuming systems (hexo-kinase, glucose dehydrogenase) have been coupled to glucose oxidase. The function of the bienzyme systems was demonstrated by concentration measurements (blood glucose, maltose, ATP, NAD+, starch) and enzyme activity measurements (alpha-amylase, ATPase, lactate dehydrogenase).