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Why are the killed S. typhi vaccines ineffective.

C Barber

    Zentralblatt Fur Bakteriologie. 1. Abt. Originale. A: Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektionskrankheiten Und Parasitologie
    |March 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Antibodies against Salmonella typhi proteins lack specificity due to cross-reactivity with E. coli and Salmonella enteritidis. This explains why vaccines using killed S. typhi are ineffective, as they don't elicit a targeted immune response.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Microbiology
    • Vaccinology

    Background:

    • * Immune responses to bacterial antigens are crucial for vaccine development.
    • * Cross-reactivity between bacterial species can complicate immunochemical analysis and vaccine efficacy.
    • * Salmonella typhi, Salmonella enteritidis, and Escherichia coli share antigenic determinants.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To investigate the specificity of antibodies induced by S. typhi, S. enteritidis, and E. coli proteins.
    • * To elucidate the reasons behind the inefficacy of S. typhi vaccinations.
    • * To perform comparative immunochemical analysis of shared and specific antigens.

    Main Methods:

    • * Immunization of rabbits with bacterial protein extracts from S. typhi, S. enteritidis, and E. coli.
    • * Production and absorption of polyclonal antisera against these bacteria.
    • * Immunochemical analysis using precipitation assays to detect antibody-antigen interactions.

    Main Results:

    • * Antibodies induced by S. typhi proteins showed extensive cross-reactivity with heterologous antigens from E. coli and S. enteritidis.
    • * Absorption experiments revealed that S. typhi immunization failed to induce specific antibodies, while S. enteritidis and E. coli did.
    • * Shared antigenic proteins between S. typhi, S. enteritidis, and E. coli were identified, with E. coli proteins found in Salmonella mixtures.

    Conclusions:

    • * The lack of specific antigens in S. typhi grown in vitro leads to non-specific antibody responses.
    • * This antigenic cross-reactivity and absence of specific S. typhi antigens explain the failure of vaccines based on killed S. typhi.
    • * Understanding shared and specific bacterial antigens is critical for designing effective vaccines against pathogens like S. typhi.

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