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Comparative physiological responses to exercise stress.

A B Hastings, F C White, T M Sanders

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |April 1, 1982
    PubMed
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    Pigs exhibit a physiological response to exhaustive exercise, including metabolic acidosis, that closely resembles human responses, making them a suitable model for exercise studies. Dogs show greater work capacity but different acid-base regulation during intense exercise.

    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Comparative Physiology
    • Animal Models

    Background:

    • Understanding species-specific physiological responses to exercise is crucial for selecting appropriate animal models in research.
    • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the comparative exercise physiology between dogs and pigs concerning acid-base balance and oxygen consumption.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the effects of exhaustive exercise on acid-base balance, oxygen consumption, and cardiac output in dogs and pigs.
    • To compare the physiological responses of dogs and pigs to exercise to identify which species is a more appropriate model for human exercise studies.

    Main Methods:

    • Eleven dogs and eleven pigs underwent steady-state and maximal heart rate exercise protocols on a motor-driven treadmill.
    • Physiological parameters including heart rate, cardiac output, aortic pressure, hematocrit, blood gas tensions, pH, and lactic acid levels were measured.

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  • Implanted probes were used for continuous monitoring of cardiovascular parameters during exercise.

    • Main Results:

    • Dogs demonstrated a twofold greater work capacity than pigs but could not sustain maximal heart rate exercise as long.
    • Oxygen consumption correlated with cardiac output and work in both species, with dogs showing a wider range of values.
    • Pigs developed severe metabolic acidosis during exhaustive exercise, unlike dogs, suggesting insufficient oxygen supply for aerobic metabolism. Dogs exhibited respiratory alkalosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Pigs' physiological responses to exhaustive exercise, particularly metabolic acidosis, align with human responses, indicating their suitability as a model for certain exercise studies.
    • Dogs possess a higher exercise capacity but exhibit different acid-base regulation compared to pigs and humans during maximal exertion.
    • The pig serves as a more appropriate model than the dog for investigating human physiological responses to strenuous exercise, especially concerning metabolic stress.