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Original antigenic sin in dengue.

S B Halstead, S Rojanasuphot, N Sangkawibha

    The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study reveals that sequential dengue infections trigger an "original antigenic sin" antibody response in children. This phenomenon may help identify the primary dengue serotype in secondary infections, aiding in understanding dengue shock syndrome.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Immunology
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is a severe manifestation of dengue virus infection.
    • Sequential dengue infections are common and can lead to more severe disease.
    • Understanding the immune response to sequential dengue infections is crucial for managing DSS.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the antibody response in children with sequential dengue infections.
    • To determine if the "original antigenic sin" phenomenon is observable in dengue infections.
    • To explore the potential of this immune response for identifying primary dengue serotype infections.

    Main Methods:

    • Collected sequential blood samples from eight Thai children before, during, and after hospitalization for DSS.

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  • Assessed antibody responses using hemagglutination-inhibition and neutralizing antibody tests.
  • Identified dengue virus serotypes from patient samples.

    • Main Results:

    • All patients exhibited a secondary-type antibody response.
    • Pre-illness sera showed monotypic neutralizing antibodies to specific dengue serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-3, DENV-4).
    • Highest antibody titers in acute and convalescent sera were directed against the initial infecting dengue serotype, indicating an "original antigenic sin" response.

    Conclusions:

    • Sequential dengue infections elicit a distinct "original antigenic sin" antibody response.
    • This immune response pattern can potentially identify the initial dengue serotype in secondary infections.
    • Identifying primary serotype may aid in clarifying antecedents to dengue shock syndrome.