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Hyperparasitism in Ornithodoros erraticus.

N Helmy, G M Khalil, H Hoogstraal

    The Journal of Parasitology
    |February 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Male and female Egyptian Ornithodoros erraticus ticks commonly engage in hyperparasitism, with larger, engorged ticks attracting smaller ones. This parasitic behavior negatively impacts female tick reproduction and survival, and can transmit Borrelia crocidurae.

    Area of Science:

    • Parasitology
    • Entomology
    • Veterinary Science

    Background:

    • Hyperparasitism, where one parasite preys on another, is observed in laboratory tick colonies.
    • Understanding tick-on-tick feeding dynamics is crucial for controlling tick populations and associated diseases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the factors influencing hyperparasitism in Ornithodoros erraticus ticks.
    • To determine the consequences of hyperparasitism on tick reproduction, survival, and pathogen transmission.

    Main Methods:

    • Observational studies in laboratory colonies of Ornithodoros erraticus.
    • Analysis of feeding relationships based on tick sex, engorgement status, and size.
    • Assessment of reproductive output and mortality rates in parasitized versus unparasitized ticks.

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  • Investigation of potential chemical cues (kairomones or deterrents) involved in hyperparasitism.

    • Main Results:

    • Hyperparasitism occurred frequently, influenced by tick sex and engorgement status.
    • Males and certain nymphal stages were more prone to hyperparasitism.
    • Engorged, larger ticks attracted smaller, unfed ticks.
    • Parasitized females exhibited reduced weight, longer preoviposition periods, fewer eggs, and significantly higher mortality rates.
    • Borrelia crocidurae spirochetes were transmitted during hyperparasitic events.

    Conclusions:

    • Tick sex, size, and engorgement state are key drivers of hyperparasitism in Ornithodoros erraticus.
    • Hyperparasitism imposes significant reproductive and survival costs on female ticks.
    • The presence of engorged ticks may act as a stimulus for hyperparasitism, potentially mediated by chemical signals.
    • Hyperparasitism serves as a vector for Borrelia crocidurae transmission.