Brown adipose tissue metabolism in hypothalamic-obese rats

Studies were performed to evaluate the metabolic changes of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rats with hypothalamic obesity (VMNL). In vitro 14C-palmitate oxidation and incorporation into triglycerides were similar in VMNL and control rats. However, protein and fatty acid content and incorporation of 14C-palmitate into phospholipid were significantly less in both hyperphagic and normophagic VMNL rats. In order to assess in vivo BAT lipogenesis, rats were injected with 3H2O. Plasma H2O incorporation into BAT lipids was significantly greater in VMNL rats. Likewise, BAT lipid content was higher in obese rats. In another experiment BAT was incubated with U-14C-glucose to evaluate glucose utilization by BAT. 14C-glucose was oxidized and incorporated into both lipids and glycogen more rapidly by obese than by normal rat BAT. Glycogen content was greater in VMNL rats. Tissues were also incubated with 1-14C-pyruvate and 2-14C pyruvate. Pyruvate incorporation into glyceride glycerol and oxidation of 2-14C pyruvate through the Krebs cycle were similar in both obese and control rats. However, the incorporation of pyruvate into glyceride fatty acids was increased in VMNL rats. The results indicate that both fatty acid and lipid synthesis are increased in BAT of obese rats whereas lactate production is decreased and Krebs cycle activity is normal. Some of these changes appear to be independent of the level of food intake.