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Related Experiment Videos

Attending to spatial locations: a developmental study.

D M Lane, D A Pearson

    Child Development
    |February 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Children show a larger attentional expectancy effect than adults, indicating developmental changes in how efficiently they locate stimuli. This suggests children may be more disrupted by unexpected events.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Human Perception

    Background:

    • Attentional focus is crucial for efficient information processing.
    • Understanding developmental changes in attention provides insight into cognitive maturation.
    • Expectancy effects demonstrate how prior information influences perceptual performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate age-related differences in attentional focus and expectancy effects.
    • To examine how children and adults adjust their attentional breadth based on task demands.
    • To determine if children are more susceptible to disruptions from unexpected stimuli.

    Main Methods:

    • Participants (5- to 8-year-olds and college students) performed letter- and luminance-detection tasks.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Stimulus presentation probability manipulated expectancy (center vs. perimeter).
  • Reaction time was measured as the primary dependent variable.

    • Main Results:

    • Both children and adults responded faster to expected stimuli.
    • The expectancy effect was significantly larger in children compared to college students.
    • Results were consistent across letter- and luminance-detection tasks.

    Conclusions:

    • Children and adults can modulate attentional focus based on task demands.
    • There is a developmental progression in the efficiency of locating stimuli in predictable environments.
    • Children may experience greater cognitive disruption from unexpected events than adults.