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Immunodeficiency measles encephalitis.

D G Graham, A Gordon, B Ashworth

    Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Immunology
    |February 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The first adult case of measles encephalitis in a patient with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia is presented. Early immunoglobulin therapy may prevent fatal outcomes in similar cases.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Primary hypogammaglobulinaemia is a rare immunodeficiency disorder characterized by low levels of immunoglobulins.
    • Measles encephalitis is a severe neurological complication of measles infection, typically seen in children.
    • Adult-onset primary hypogammaglobulinaemia is uncommon, and its association with severe infections like measles encephalitis is rarely documented.

    Observation:

    • This study describes the first documented case of measles encephalitis in an adult with late-onset primary hypogammaglobulinaemia.
    • The diagnosis was confirmed through post-mortem examination of the parietal cortex using electron microscopy.
    • The patient presented with a severe neurological manifestation of measles infection.

    Findings:

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  • Measles encephalitis can occur in adults with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia.
  • Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of measles virus in the brain tissue.
  • The case highlights a potential link between this specific immunodeficiency and severe measles complications.

    • Implications:

    • The findings suggest that immunoglobulin replacement therapy should be considered even for minor infections in patients diagnosed with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia.
    • Prompt diagnosis and treatment with immunoglobulin therapy might prevent severe outcomes like measles encephalitis.
    • This case underscores the importance of recognizing and managing primary hypogammaglobulinaemia to mitigate risks of opportunistic infections and their complications.