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Related Experiment Videos

Cardiorespiratory responses to exercise distributed between the upper and lower body.

M M Toner, M N Sawka, L Levine

    Journal of Applied Physiology: Respiratory, Environmental and Exercise Physiology
    |May 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Distributing exercise between upper and lower body muscle groups impacts cardiorespiratory responses. Combining arm and cycle exercise can reduce heart rate elevation during intense workouts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Cardiorespiratory Responses
    • Human Performance

    Background:

    • Understanding how exercise distribution affects physiological responses is crucial for optimizing training.
    • Previous research has primarily focused on lower-body exercise, with less attention paid to combined upper and lower-body protocols.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of varying exercise distribution between upper (arm crank) and lower (cycle) body muscle groups on cardiorespiratory responses.
    • To determine if combining upper and lower body exercise affects oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (R), and heart rate (HR).

    Main Methods:

    • Six healthy males performed submaximal constant power output (PO) exercise at 76 W and 109 W.
    • Exercise involved varying percentages of arm crank versus cycle ergometry (0% to 100% arm).

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  • Cardiorespiratory variables including VO2, VE, R, and HR were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • Oxygen uptake (VO2) increased with higher percentages of arm exercise at both 76 W and 109 W.
    • Minute ventilation (VE) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) generally increased with greater arm exercise contribution.
    • Heart rate (HR) remained stable up to 60% arm exercise, then significantly increased from 60% to 100% arm exercise.

    Conclusions:

    • Increased upper body exercise contribution elevates VO2 and VE.
    • Combined upper and lower body exercise (at least 40% lower body) may attenuate the heart rate response compared to arm-only exercise.
    • This attenuation might be due to improved venous return or reduced total peripheral resistance when the lower body is engaged.