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Hot leaching of ceramic and enameled cookware: collaborative study.
Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists
|May 1, 1983
Summary
A hot leach method for detecting lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in ceramics was validated. The study found that the 22-hour standing period is unnecessary, simplifying the analysis for accurate metal detection.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Materials Science
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are toxic metals.
- Ceramic and enameled ware can leach these metals into food.
- Standardized methods are needed for accurate metal determination.
Purpose of the Study:
- To collaboratively study and validate a hot leach method for Pb and Cd determination.
- To assess the necessity of the room temperature standing period in the method.
- To optimize the hot leach method for AOAC adoption.
Main Methods:
- Collaborative study involving 14 laboratories.
- Hot leach method using 4% acetic acid at boiling point for 2 hours.
- Analysis of leach solutions by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
- Ruggedness testing to evaluate method parameters.
Main Results:
- Metal release increased with leach temperature approaching boiling point.
- Pb and Cd release from enameled ware increased linearly with boiling time up to 7 hours.
- Acid concentration (2-6%) and extended room temperature standing (22-120 hours) did not significantly affect metal release.
- Results after 2 hours of heating and 24 hours of total contact were identical.
Conclusions:
- The room temperature standing period can be eliminated from the hot leach method.
- Analysis immediately after the 2-hour heating period is sufficient.
- The modified method simplifies procedures and has been adopted interim official first action by AOAC.