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Rotational motion of the knee.

B Zarins, C R Rowe, B A Harris

    The American Journal of Sports Medicine
    |May 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Quantifying knee axial rotation reveals significant differences in patients with anterolateral rotatory instability. Increased rotational motion, especially at low flexion angles, indicates potential ligamentous injury.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Biomechanics
    • Sports Medicine

    Background:

    • Anterolateral rotatory instability (ALRI) is a common knee injury.
    • Accurate quantitation of knee axial rotation is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify passive axial rotation of the knee across various flexion angles.
    • To compare rotational knee motion between healthy subjects and patients with ALRI.

    Main Methods:

    • Passive knee rotation was measured at multiple flexion angles (5 to 90 degrees).
    • Measurements were taken on 17 healthy subjects and 19 patients with unilateral ALRI.

    Main Results:

    • Normal knees exhibited symmetric rotational motion, with greater rotation at 30-90 degrees flexion (45° external, 25° internal) than at 5 degrees flexion (23° external, 10° internal).

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  • Patients with ALRI showed similar rotation to controls between 30-90 degrees flexion.
  • At 5 degrees flexion, ALRI knees demonstrated significantly increased external (41°) and internal (14°) rotation compared to normal knees.

    • Conclusions:

    • Knee axial rotation quantitation can help identify ALRI.
    • Increased external and internal rotation at low flexion angles (around 5 degrees) is a key indicator of ALRI, likely due to anterior cruciate ligament compromise.