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Related Concept Videos

Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
ATP Yield01:31

ATP Yield

Cellular respiration produces 30 - 32 ATP per glucose molecule. Although most of the ATP results from oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain (ETC), 4 ATP are gained beforehand (2 from glycolysis and 2 from the citric acid cycle).
The ETC is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is comprised of four main protein complexes and an ATP synthase. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to these complexes, which pump protons into the intermembrane space. This distribution of...
ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
One example of energy coupling using ATP involves a...
ATP Energy Storage and Release01:31

ATP Energy Storage and Release

ATP is a highly unstable molecule. Unless quickly used to perform work, ATP spontaneously dissociates into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and the free energy released during this process is lost as heat. The energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to perform work inside the cell and depends on a strategy called energy coupling. Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed.
One example of energy coupling using ATP involves a...
ATP and Energy Production01:23

ATP and Energy Production

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a critical molecule that functions as the main energy carrier in cells. Structurally, ATP consists of an adenosine molecule—comprising adenine and ribose—bonded to three phosphate groups. The high-energy bonds between these phosphate groups store significant amounts of potential energy. This energy is released during hydrolysis, wherein ATP is converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP), driving a variety of essential cellular...
Cellular Respiration01:18

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is a crucial metabolic process through which cells obtain energy from organic substances, mainly glucose, to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process includes the oxidation of substrates and the transfer of electrons to a separate electron acceptor, facilitating ATP synthesis through a sequence of biochemical reactions.Glycolysis: The Initial StepGlycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic...

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Related Experiment Video

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Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures
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ATP as a biomass indicator for closed ecosystems.

C T Takano, C E Folsome, D M Karl

    Bio Systems
    |January 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) increased in closed microbial ecosystems. ATP levels were higher than open ocean water, showing a 50-day oscillation.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbial Ecology
    • Biogeochemistry
    • Ecosystem Science

    Background:

    • Nucleotide measurements, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are established biomass indicators in microbial ecology.
    • Previous studies have primarily focused on nucleotide measurements in open systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the utility of nucleotide measurements as biomass indicators in materially closed, energetically open microbial ecosystems.
    • To quantify changes in ATP concentrations and pO2 within these controlled environments.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration measurements as a biomass indicator.
    • Monitored partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) levels.
    • Compared microbial ecosystem data to open ocean water baseline values.

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  • Observed total cell counts were used to determine ratios with ATP concentrations.

    • Main Results:

    • Both ATP concentrations and pO2 exhibited an increase following ecosystem closure.
    • Measured ATP concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 1.2 ng/ml, indicating levels 2-3 times higher than open ocean water.
    • A cyclical oscillation in ATP concentrations with a period of approximately 50 days was observed.
    • The ratio of ATP concentrations to total cell counts remained constant within experimental error.

    Conclusions:

    • Nucleotide measurements, specifically ATP, are effective biomass indicators in materially closed, energetically open microbial ecosystems.
    • The observed increase in ATP and pO2 suggests active microbial processes and biomass accumulation within the closed system.
    • The 50-day oscillation in ATP indicates potential cyclical dynamics or regulatory mechanisms within the microbial community.