Computed tomographic evaluation of the thoracic prevertebral and paravertebral spaces

The thoracic prevertebral and paravertebral spaces are defined by the vertebrae and fascial planes. Many important structures lie within these spaces, for example, the intercostal arteries, descending aorta, the azygos and hemiazygos veins, sympathetic nerve trunk, thoracic duct, and lymph nodes. Computed tomography has been notably successful in evaluating the mediastinum and specifically the prevertebral and paravertebral spaces. Computed tomography of the normal anatomy and some examples of pathology involving these specific areas are presented. Computed tomography is strongly indicated to evaluate pathology in this area.