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Related Experiment Videos

Nonionic dimer: development and initial testing of an intrathecal contrast agent.

M Sovak, R Ranganathan, U Speck

    Radiology
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A novel nonionic dimer contrast medium, DL-3-117, demonstrated reduced complement inhibition and neurotoxicity compared to metrizamide and iopamidol. It shows promise as a safer intrathecal contrast agent.

    Area of Science:

    • Radiology and Imaging
    • Pharmacology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Intrathecal contrast media are essential for neuroradiological imaging.
    • Current agents like metrizamide and iopamidol can elicit adverse effects, including complement activation and neurotoxicity.
    • Development of safer and more effective contrast agents is ongoing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To synthesize and evaluate a novel nonionic dimer contrast medium, DL-3-117, containing a D,L amino-threitol substituent.
    • To compare the safety and efficacy of DL-3-117 with established contrast agents (metrizamide, iopamidol) in preclinical models.

    Main Methods:

    • Synthesis of the nonionic dimer DL-3-117.
    • In vitro complement-mediated hemolysis inhibition assay.
    • Determination of lethal dose 50 (LD50) in protozoa and in vivo (mice, rats).

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  • Assessment of effective dose 50 (ED50) for intradiencephalic injection in rats.
  • Evaluation of neurofunctional deficits and conditioned aversion following intraventricular injection in rats.

    • Main Results:

    • DL-3-117 showed approximately half the inhibitory effect on hemolysis compared to metrizamide and iopamidol.
    • DL-3-117 exhibited higher LD50 values in protozoa and lower toxicity in mice and rats compared to metrizamide and iopamidol.
    • The ED50 for DL-3-117 was significantly higher than for metrizamide and iopamidol, indicating lower efficacy for imaging.
    • DL-3-117 did not induce neurofunctional deficits or conditioned aversion at doses that affected metrizamide and iopamidol.

    Conclusions:

    • DL-3-117 demonstrates a favorable safety profile with reduced complement activation and neurotoxicity.
    • While less potent than existing agents, DL-3-117's improved safety suggests potential for specific clinical applications requiring enhanced tolerability.