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A guide for instrument development and validation.

J Benson, F Clark

    The American Journal of Occupational Therapy : Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association
    |December 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Occupational therapists need better tools to prove their effectiveness for insurance. This paper shows how to create and test new measurement instruments for documenting therapeutic outcomes.

    Area of Science:

    • Occupational therapy
    • Psychometrics
    • Health services research

    Background:

    • Growing emphasis on accountability in occupational therapy.
    • Lack of validated instruments to document therapeutic effectiveness.
    • Need for tools to meet third-party payer requirements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To illustrate the process of planning, developing, and validating a new measurement instrument.
    • To demonstrate the application of psychometric principles within occupational therapy.
    • To address the need for improved documentation of therapeutic outcomes.

    Main Methods:

    • Sequential, step-by-step process for instrument construction.
    • Illustration via a flowchart.
    • Hypothetical application to an attitude scale for school administrators' perceptions of occupational therapists.

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    Main Results:

    • A clear, sequential process for instrument development is presented.
    • The methodology provides a framework for creating valid and reliable occupational therapy tools.
    • The hypothetical example demonstrates practical application of psychometric principles.

    Conclusions:

    • Occupational therapists must develop or refine instruments to demonstrate effectiveness.
    • A systematic approach to instrument development is crucial for accountability.
    • Validated instruments are essential for justifying the role and value of occupational therapists.