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Lithium associated thyroid cancer.

B E Brownlie, J G Turner, G M Millner

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine

|February 1, 1980

Summary

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Lithium therapy may be associated with papillary thyroid cancer. A 55-year-old woman developed thyroid enlargement and tracheal deviation after long-term lithium use, with unexpected malignant findings.

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Pharmacology

Background:

Lithium is a mood stabilizer used in treating bipolar disorder.
Long-term lithium use has been linked to various thyroid abnormalities.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid cancer.

Observation:

A 55-year-old woman on lithium therapy for 3.5 years presented with unilateral thyroid enlargement.
The enlargement caused tracheal deviation, indicating significant mass effect.
There was no initial clinical suspicion of malignancy.

Findings:

Histological examination revealed papillary cell carcinoma of the thyroid.
The diagnosis was unexpected given the clinical presentation.
This case highlights a potential adverse effect of lithium therapy.

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Implications:

Clinicians should consider the risk of thyroid malignancy in patients on long-term lithium treatment.
Further research is warranted to understand the mechanism linking lithium and thyroid cancer.
Routine thyroid monitoring may be advisable for patients receiving lithium therapy.