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Primate experiments on oral respiration

E P Harvold, B S Tomer, K Vargervik

    American Journal of Orthodontics
    |April 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Mouth breathing in primates due to nasal obstruction led to changes in facial structure and dental occlusion. Orthodontic appliances influence orofacial development through direct force and sensory stimulation, impacting bone and muscle.

    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry and Orthodontics
    • Craniofacial Biology
    • Animal Models in Research

    Background:

    • Oral respiration is common in orthodontic patients, often linked to nasal airway obstruction.
    • The relationship between mouth breathing, orofacial muscle activity, and jaw development is a key area of orthodontic research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of induced mouth breathing on craniofacial morphology and dental occlusion in primates.
    • To explore the mechanisms by which orthodontic appliances influence orofacial development.

    Main Methods:

    • Mouth breathing was induced in primates by obstructing nasal passages with silicone nose plugs.
    • Craniofacial and dental changes in experimental animals were compared to control groups.
    • The study considered two primary mechanisms of orthodontic appliance action: direct physical force and sensory stimulation.

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    Main Results:

    • Primates adapted to nasal obstruction by maintaining an open mouth, altering oral airflow, or positioning the mandible lower.
    • All experimental animals developed distinct facial and dental occlusion patterns compared to controls.
    • Orthodontic appliances impact orofacial structures via direct force (bone remodeling, tooth movement) and sensory input (neuromuscular response).

    Conclusions:

    • Mouth breathing, induced by nasal obstruction, significantly alters primate craniofacial morphology and occlusion.
    • Orthodontic treatment influences orofacial development through both mechanical forces and neuro-sensory feedback mechanisms.
    • Removable orthodontic appliances may leverage sensory stimulation more significantly than fixed appliances.