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Stress distribution in diametral compression tests

L Ehrnford

    Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
    |January 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    The diametral compression test reveals that peripheral tensile stresses, not central ones, can initiate fracture. This finding explains the link between loaded area extension and fracture load in materials.

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    Area of Science:

    • Solid Mechanics
    • Materials Science
    • Computational Engineering

    Background:

    • Experimental studies show a strong correlation between loaded area extension and fracture load.
    • Understanding the underlying mechanics of fracture initiation is crucial for material design and failure analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the stress distribution in diametral compression tests using the finite element method.
    • To explain the experimentally observed relationship between loaded area and fracture load.

    Main Methods:

    • Finite element method (FEM) analysis was employed.
    • Stress distribution in a circular specimen's quadrant was studied.
    • Variations in contact surface width were analyzed at a constant load distribution.

    Main Results:

    • Below a critical contact surface width, peripheral tensile stresses emerged outside the contact area.
    • These peripheral tensile stresses exceeded central stresses, potentially initiating fracture.
    • Changes in central tensile stresses had minor impact compared to peripheral stresses.

    Conclusions:

    • Peripheral tensile stresses are a critical factor in fracture initiation during diametral compression tests.
    • This explains why the extension of the loaded area influences the fracture load.
    • Material fracture behavior is significantly influenced by stress concentrations at the periphery of the loaded zone.

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