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Nitrate biosynthesis in man

L C Green, K Ruiz de Luzuriaga, D A Wagner

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |December 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Healthy men produce significantly more nitrate than they consume, with endogenous nitrate biosynthesis occurring regardless of dietary intake. This internal production, combined with metabolic losses, means urinary nitrate is often less than dietary intake.

    Area of Science:

    • Human physiology
    • Nutritional science
    • Metabolic studies

    Background:

    • Nitrate is a common dietary component found in vegetables.
    • Understanding nitrate metabolism is crucial for human health and nutrition.
    • Previous studies have not fully elucidated the balance between ingested and endogenously produced nitrate.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate nitrate metabolism in healthy young men.
    • To quantify endogenous nitrate biosynthesis.
    • To determine the fate of ingested nitrate in the body.

    Main Methods:

    • Long-term metabolic studies in healthy young men.
    • Controlled dietary nitrate intake (low and high).
    • Stable isotope labeling (15NO3-) for tracking nitrate fate.

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    Main Results:

    • Urinary nitrate excretion was 4-fold greater than low dietary intake.
    • Endogenous nitrate biosynthesis was confirmed as the source of excess urinary nitrate.
    • Approximately 50% of ingested nitrate was recovered in urine, indicating significant metabolic losses.

    Conclusions:

    • Nitrate is continuously synthesized endogenously in humans.
    • Endogenous nitrate synthesis is largely independent of dietary nitrate intake.
    • Metabolic losses of nitrate are substantial, leading to urinary nitrate levels often below dietary intake despite ongoing synthesis.