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Solanum malacoxylon toxicity to pigs

B E Rucksan, G A Wells, G Lewis

    The Veterinary Record
    |August 19, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Solanum malacoxylon administration to pigs caused kidney and lung calcification and significant changes in serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Rumen liquor incubation intensified these effects, highlighting potential toxicity in swine.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Toxicology
    • Animal Nutrition
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Solanum malacoxylon is a plant known to cause toxic effects in livestock.
    • Previous studies have focused on its effects in ruminants, with less known about its impact on pigs.
    • Understanding the plant's toxicity in different species is crucial for animal health management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the toxic effects of Solanum malacoxylon in newly weaned pigs.
    • To evaluate the influence of rumen liquor incubation on the plant's toxicity in pigs.
    • To assess the impact on serum biochemistry and histopathology.

    Main Methods:

    • Newly weaned pigs were administered Solanum malacoxylon aqueous extract (SM) or SM incubated with rumen liquor (SMLR) at 0.2 and 1.0 g/kg body weight weekly for eight weeks.

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  • Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were monitored throughout the trial.
  • Kidney and lung tissues were examined histopathologically for toxic changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Tubulonephrosis was observed in all treated pigs, with severity dose-dependently related to Solanum malacoxylon.
    • Focal calcification in the kidney and lung occurred in pigs receiving the higher dose.
    • Marked hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia were noted, contrasting with hyperphosphataemia in sheep. Rumen liquor incubation enhanced hypophosphataemia.

    Conclusions:

    • Solanum malacoxylon exhibits dose-dependent toxicity in pigs, leading to renal and pulmonary calcification.
    • The plant significantly alters calcium and phosphorus metabolism in pigs.
    • Rumen liquor incubation appears to potentiate hypophosphataemia, suggesting altered metabolism or absorption pathways.