Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 15, 2026

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle
Published on: January 11, 2018
Structure of the TMJ as viewed on the pantomograph
Abstract:
The value of pantomography for visualizing the forms of the TMJ and the position of the condyle is dependent on placing the TMJ accurately in the zone of sharpness. 1. Oblique projection is best for showing the medial and lateral cortices of the mandibular condyle, TMJ space, and articular surfaces. 2. Profile projection is best for demonstrating the posterior and anterior cortices of the mandibular condyle, condyle-fossa relationship, and the position of the mandibular condyle. 3. Image discrepancies are easily detected when the usual radiographic features of the TMJ are not shown. A TMJ positioned too far in front of the zone of sharpness is shortened and slightly blurred, while the TMJ positioned too far behind the zone is elongated and severely blurred.
Related Concept Videos
Computed Tomography
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
Overview of the Axial Skeleton
The axial skeleton of the adult...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Articulations of the Vertebral Column
Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
The muscle sarcolemma is a plasma membrane enclosing each muscle cell that conducts electrical signals called action potentials. The sarcolemma extends into the cell to form T-tubules, ensuring the neural impulses are uniformly distributed across the entire muscle...

