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Related Experiment Videos

The effect of codeine on involutional and senile depression

E Varga, A A Sugerman, J Apter

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
    |January 1, 1982
    PubMed
    Summary

    Codeine was ineffective for treating severe depression in patients resistant to other antidepressants. Patients experienced side effects like constipation and sedation, with no improvement observed.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) poses a significant clinical challenge.
    • Involutional depression, a subtype, often requires alternative therapeutic strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the efficacy and safety of codeine as a treatment for severely depressed patients.
    • To evaluate codeine's effects in patients unresponsive to tricyclic antidepressants.

    Main Methods:

    • A cohort of 12 severely depressed patients with involutional depression was studied.
    • Patients received either codeine combined with tricyclic antidepressants or codeine monotherapy.
    • Treatment duration was up to three weeks, with dosage escalation from 90 mg/day to 180 mg/day.

    Main Results:

    • Only one of eight patients on combination therapy showed improvement; none on monotherapy improved.
    • Codeine treatment led to severe constipation and sedation in all patients.
    • No euphoria or dependence was observed during the study period.

    Conclusions:

    • Codeine is not an effective treatment for severe, treatment-resistant depression.
    • Codeine exhibited significant adverse effects, including constipation and sedation.
    • Alternative treatments like electroconvulsive therapy or monoamine oxidase inhibitors were effective post-codeine failure.

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