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Epidermal cell (keratinocyte)-derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF)

T A Luger, B M Stadler, S I Katz

    Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
    |October 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Keratinocytes produce epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF), a substance that enhances thymocyte proliferation and Interleukin 2 production. This factor modulates immune responses and is not species-specific.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Keratinocytes are the primary cells of the epidermis.
    • The role of keratinocytes in modulating immune responses is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of keratinocytes in immune response modulation.
    • To identify and characterize a substance produced by keratinocytes that affects immune cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Cultured murine keratinocyte cell line (Pam 212) used.
    • Supernatants analyzed for biological activity.
    • Phytohemagglutinin-induced thymocyte proliferation assays performed.
    • Gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography used for factor characterization.

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    Main Results:

    • Keratinocytes produce a factor, termed epidermal cell thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF).
    • ETAF enhances thymocyte proliferation and Interleukin 2 production by spleen cells.
    • ETAF exhibits no species specificity, affecting both murine and human lymphocytes.
    • ETAF has a molecular weight of 15,000-25,000 and is sensitive to heat and pH.

    Conclusions:

    • Epidermal cells interact with the immune system via nonspecific factors like ETAF.
    • ETAF modulates lymphocyte proliferation and augments lymphokine production.
    • These findings suggest a significant role for keratinocytes in cutaneous immunity.