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Intrarenal reflux--papillary morphology and pressure relationships in children's necropsy kidneys
Insights
Kidney anatomy in children reveals simple papillae in the middle calyces. Intrarenal reflux occurs more easily in compound papillae, especially in infants, indicating a higher risk in younger children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Radiology
- Renal Anatomy
- Urology
Background:
- Understanding pediatric renal anatomy is crucial for diagnosing urinary tract issues.
- Papillary morphology and its relation to intrarenal reflux are not fully elucidated in pediatric populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the morphological characteristics of renal papillae in children.
- To assess the relationship between papilla type and the pressure required for intrarenal reflux.
- To determine age-related differences in intrarenal reflux susceptibility.
Main Methods:
- Radiological examination of necropsy kidneys from 100 children.
- Morphological analysis of renal papillae (compound, fixed, simple).
- Pressure studies to induce and quantify intrarenal reflux.
Main Results:
- Compound or fixed papillae were predominant in the upper and lower calyces, while simple papillae were found in the middle group.
- Intrarenal reflux occurred at lower pressures in compound papillae compared to simple papillae.
- Lower pressures were needed to induce intrarenal reflux in infants under one year of age.
Conclusions:
- Renal papillary morphology varies by calyceal group in children.
- Compound papillae are more susceptible to intrarenal reflux than simple papillae.
- Infants exhibit increased susceptibility to intrarenal reflux due to lower pressure thresholds.
Abstract:
A radiological study of the necropsy kidneys of 100 children was made. Morphologically it was shown that compound or fixed papillae predominate in the upper group of calyces and to a lesser degree in the lower group, whilst simple papillae occurred in the middle group. Pressure studies showed that intrarenal reflux occurred in compound papillae at lower pressure than in simple papillae and that lower pressures were required to produce intrarenal reflux in the first year of life.