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Some yeast mitochondrial RNAs are circular

A C Arnberg, G J Van Ommen, L A Grivell

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    Yeast mitochondrial RNA includes circular molecules, with 11S and 18S fractions showing distinct sizes. These circular RNAs are covalently closed and may function as messenger RNAs or in RNA processing.

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    Area of Science:

    • Mitochondrial genetics
    • RNA biology
    • Molecular biology

    Background:

    • Yeast mitochondria contain various RNA species.
    • The structural forms of these RNAs are not fully understood.
    • Circular RNA molecules have been observed in other systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and characteristics of circular RNA molecules in yeast mitochondria.
    • To determine the structural properties and potential functions of these circular RNAs.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation of yeast mitochondrial RNA fractions (11S and 18S) using agarose gel electrophoresis.
    • Electron microscopy for visualization and measurement of circular RNA molecules.
    • RNA-DNA hybridization experiments using specific mitochondrial DNA fragments.
    • Enzymatic treatments (DNAase, pronase) and chemical treatments (glyoxal) to assess structural integrity.

    Main Results:

    • Approximately 50% of isolated 11S and 18S yeast mitochondrial RNA fractions exist as circular molecules.
    • 11S circles have a contour length of 0.36 ± 0.02 microns, while 18S circles average 0.78 ± 0.11 microns.
    • 11S circular RNA forms stable R loops and RNA-DNA hybrids with the oxi 3 region of mitochondrial DNA, suggesting a role in coding for cytochrome oxidase subunit 1.
    • Both 11S and 18S circular RNAs are resistant to enzymatic and chemical treatments, indicating they are covalently closed structures.

    Conclusions:

    • Yeast mitochondrial RNA contains a significant proportion of covalently closed circular molecules.
    • These circular RNAs, particularly the 11S fraction, are associated with the oxi 3 gene region.
    • The precise function of these circular RNAs remains unknown but may involve roles as messenger RNAs, storage molecules, or intermediates in RNA processing.