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Cryptococcus neoformans serotype groups encountered in Oklahoma

H G Muchmore, E N Scott, F G Felton

American Journal of Epidemiology

|July 1, 1980

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Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) serotype B-C, typically found in California, was identified in 15% of Oklahoma patients. This suggests a potential shift in the geographic distribution of this fungal pathogen.

Area of Science:

Medical Mycology
Infectious Diseases
Environmental Microbiology

Background:

Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a fungal pathogen causing cryptococcosis.
Serotype B-C isolates were historically prevalent in Southern California (up to 50%) but rare elsewhere in the US (6%).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and serotype distribution of C. neoformans isolates in Oklahoma.
To determine if serotype B-C isolates are emerging in regions outside of California.

Main Methods:

Collected 80 clinical and 28 soil isolates of C. neoformans from Oklahoma.
Utilized creatinine-dextrose agar with bromthymol blue for serotype differentiation into A-D and B-C groups.

Main Results:

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15% (12/80) of clinical C. neoformans isolates from Oklahoma were serotype B-C.
Half of these patients with serotype B-C had no travel history to California, indicating local acquisition.
All 28 soil isolates were serotype A-D; serotype B-C has not been reported in soil.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of C. neoformans serotype B-C in Oklahoma patients is higher than previously reported for non-California regions.
Local acquisition of serotype B-C is occurring in Oklahoma, challenging the established geographic distribution.
Further environmental studies are needed to investigate the source of serotype B-C in Oklahoma patients.