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Acanthocytosis--biochemical and physiological considerations

Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science

|May 1, 1980

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Acanthocytes are abnormal red blood cells found in various diseases. Their causes vary, often involving lipid abnormalities or membrane protein changes, leading to reduced survival due to spleen destruction.

Area of Science:

Hematology
Biochemistry
Genetics

Background:

Acanthocytosis describes a pathological red blood cell morphology.
It is associated with diverse inherited and acquired conditions.
Morphological similarity contrasts with differing biochemical causes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the underlying causes of acanthocytosis.
To discuss the biochemical basis of acanthocyte formation.
To understand the clinical implications of acanthocytes.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on acanthocytosis.
Analysis of biochemical and genetic data related to acanthocytes.
Examination of red blood cell morphology and survival.

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Main Results:

Acanthocytes exhibit varied biochemical lesions, often lipid abnormalities.
McLeod phenotype-associated acanthocytes may result from membrane protein alterations.
Regardless of cause, acanthocytes typically have reduced circulation survival.

Conclusions:

Acanthocytosis is a morphological indicator of underlying disease.
Understanding the specific etiology is crucial for management.
Splenic sequestration and destruction contribute to decreased red blood cell lifespan.