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Related Experiment Videos

Monocytic leukemias

M T Shaw

    Human Pathology
    |May 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Monocytic leukemias, including acute and chronic forms, present distinct clinical and cytomorphological features. Treatment varies, with acute types responding to chemotherapy while chronic forms often require no immediate drug intervention.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hematology
    • Oncology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Monocytic leukemias encompass acute monocytic leukemia (AML), acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML), and subacute/chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML).
    • Acute forms manifest as bone marrow failure, with AML showing gingival hypertrophy and skin infiltration more frequently.
    • Chronic forms are insidious, characterized by anemia and peripheral blood monocytosis with atypical paramyeloid cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To delineate the distinct subtypes of monocytic leukemia.
    • To compare the clinical, cytomorphological, and functional characteristics of these subtypes.
    • To review current treatment strategies for monocytic leukemias.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of clinical presentations and cytomorphology.

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  • Review of cytochemical and functional cell characteristics.
  • Summary of therapeutic approaches for different monocytic leukemia subtypes.

    • Main Results:

    • Acute monocytic leukemia and AMML share similarities in bone marrow failure but differ in blast cell populations and specific symptoms.
    • Cytochemical analysis reveals positive nonspecific esterase reactions, inhibited by fluoride.
    • Functional studies show monocytic cells exhibit adherence, phagocytosis, Fc receptors, and colony-stimulating activity.
    • Subacute and chronic forms are distinguished by atypical monocytes (paramyeloid cells) and a slower disease progression.

    Conclusions:

    • Monocytic leukemias represent a spectrum of myeloid malignancies with distinct diagnostic criteria and clinical behaviors.
    • Acute leukemias are treated with chemotherapy (cytosine arabinoside, anthracyclines, VP-16-213).
    • Chronic forms often do not require immediate drug therapy, though VP-16-213 may be considered.