Gram-negative bacteremia after transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate

Seven cases of bacteremia following transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate were reviewed. Symptoms developed within 24 to 72 hours after the procedure and required hospitalization and treatment with parenteral antibiotics. Escherichia coli was the causative agent in five patients and Klebsiella pneumoniae in two. Although relatively rare, this complication is associated with significant morbidity.