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Infection and diabetes mellitus

L J Wheat

    Diabetes Care
    |January 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Diabetic patients have a higher risk of certain infections, particularly urinary tract infections and severe conditions like emphysematous pyelonephritis. Foot infections are a significant concern requiring prompt assessment and treatment.

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    Area of Science:

    • Infectious Diseases
    • Endocrinology
    • Nephrology

    Background:

    • Physicians widely believe diabetes mellitus predisposes individuals to infections, complicating diabetes control.
    • While many infections are not more frequent, bacteriuria (bacteria in urine) occurs more often in diabetic patients.
    • Severe urinary tract infections and unique conditions like emphysematous pyelonephritis are observed in diabetics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the relationship between diabetes and infections.
    • To highlight specific infections that occur with increased frequency or severity in diabetic individuals.
    • To emphasize the importance of investigating infection incidence, predisposition, and management in diabetes.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and clinical observation synthesis.
    • Analysis of documented infection frequencies in diabetic versus non-diabetic populations.
    • Discussion of specific infection types, including urinary tract infections, tuberculosis, and unusual diabetic-exclusive infections.

    Main Results:

    • Bacteriuria is the only infection consistently documented to occur with increased frequency in diabetic patients.
    • Diabetic patients are susceptible to severe infections like emphysematous pyelonephritis and candidiasis.
    • Unusual infections such as malignant external otitis and rhinocerebral mucormycosis are exclusive to diabetics.
    • Foot infections are a critical issue in diabetic care, necessitating comprehensive evaluation and treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Diabetes mellitus is associated with specific infectious complications, though not a universal increase in all infections.
    • Severe and unique infections underscore the vulnerability of diabetic patients.
    • Further clinical investigation is crucial to understand infection predisposition, management, and prevention in diabetes, especially concerning foot infections.

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