Viral vaccination via the mucosal routes

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Vaccinology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Mucosal vaccines have been administered for two decades.
• Mucosal immunocompetence concepts are well-characterized in the last decade.
• The common mucosal immune system comprises various tissues and cells.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the effectiveness of mucosal immunization.
• To discuss the components of the common mucosal immune system.
• To highlight the role of secretory IgA and T lymphocytes.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of viral vaccines administered via mucosal routes.
• Analysis of immunological activity at mucosal surfaces.
• Examination of human and animal studies on mucosal vaccination.

Main Results:

• Mucosal immunization is the most effective strategy for inducing immunity.
• Secretory IgA and T lymphocytes are key players in mucosal immunity.
• Experience with poliovirus, rubella, measles, and adenovirus vaccines is reviewed.

Conclusions:

• Mucosal immunization via respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts induces robust immunity.
• This approach is effective for both mucosal and systemic tissues.
• Further research into mucosal vaccine strategies is warranted.