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Lead toxicity and heme biosynthesis

M M Lubran

    Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science
    |September 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Lead poisoning disrupts heme biosynthesis, leading to sideroblastic anemia and altered porphyrin levels. This review details lead

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Toxicology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Lead intoxication is a significant public health concern.
    • Lead exposure disrupts critical metabolic pathways, particularly heme biosynthesis.
    • Understanding these disruptions is key to diagnosing and managing lead poisoning.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent knowledge of heme biosynthetic enzymes affected by lead.
    • To discuss the significance of erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP and ZPP) in lead toxicity.
    • To provide a historical context of lead toxicity and porphyrin metabolism.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of scientific literature on lead toxicity and heme biosynthesis.
    • Analysis of enzyme activities involved in heme synthesis.

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  • Measurement and interpretation of porphyrin levels in urine and erythrocytes.

    • Main Results:

    • Lead exposure causes a disturbance in heme biosynthesis, with effects varying by exposure severity.
    • Common findings include sideroblastic anemia and basophilic stippling.
    • Increased urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid and coproporphyrin III, alongside elevated erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP and ZPP).
    • Reduced activity of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase, coproporphyrin oxidase, and ferrochelatase; increased delta-aminolevulinate synthetase activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Lead toxicity significantly impacts heme biosynthesis through enzyme modulation.
    • Elevated FEP and ZPP are key indicators of lead-induced porphyrin metabolism disruption.
    • This review synthesizes current understanding of lead's biochemical effects on heme production.