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Phenytoin, renal function and renin release

S D Migdal, G L Slick, D Abu-Hamdan

    The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Phenytoin (DPH) infusion into the renal artery caused vasodilation, increased urine output, and sodium excretion in dogs. This anticonvulsant also significantly stimulated renin release, suggesting effects on membrane transport.

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Phenytoin (DPH), a common anticonvulsant, is known to affect membrane transport.
    • DPH concentrates in the kidneys, but its renal effects remain largely uninvestigated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of DPH on renal function.
    • To determine DPH's impact on renin release.

    Main Methods:

    • Anesthetized dogs underwent catheterization for renal and systemic blood sampling.
    • Infusions of saline, vehicle, or DPH were administered via the left renal artery over three clearance periods.
    • Renal blood flow, vascular resistance, urine volume, osmolar clearance, and renin secretion were measured.

    Main Results:

    • DPH infusion increased renal blood flow by 22% and decreased renal vascular resistance.

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  • Significant increases in urine volume, urine sodium excretion, and osmolar clearance were observed.
  • DPH administration led to a seven-fold increase in renal renin secretion.

    • Conclusions:

    • Intrarenal arterial infusion of DPH induces renal vasodilation, diuresis, and natriuresis.
    • DPH stimulates renin release, potentially due to its effects on membrane transport.
    • These findings highlight DPH's significant impact on kidney function and hormonal regulation.