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Alcohol and high-density lipoproteins

P Devenyi, G M Robinson, D A Roncari

    Canadian Medical Association Journal
    |November 22, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Alcohol may raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, potentially protecting against heart disease. However, alcoholism, especially with liver disease, likely cancels this benefit, complicating the relationship between alcohol, HDL, and heart health.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Health
    • Metabolic Disorders
    • Alcoholism Research

    Background:

    • High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are inversely associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.
    • Epidemiologic data on alcohol's cardioprotective effects are conflicting.
    • Alcohol consumption is linked to varying serum HDL levels, influenced by numerous factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the complex relationship between alcohol consumption, serum HDL levels, and coronary heart disease risk.
    • To elucidate how alcoholism and associated conditions modify HDL levels.
    • To determine if alcohol's potential HDL-raising effect translates to CHD protection in the context of alcoholism.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing epidemiologic and clinical evidence on alcohol, HDL, and CHD.
    • Analysis of factors influencing HDL levels in individuals with and without alcohol use disorders.
    • Consideration of confounding factors such as liver disease, smoking, hormonal, nutritional, and drug interactions.

    Main Results:

    • Alcohol ingestion can transiently increase serum HDL levels.
    • HDL levels in alcoholics often normalize within two weeks of abstinence.
    • Factors like liver disease and smoking decrease HDL in alcoholics, while other factors can increase it.
    • Alcoholism, particularly alcoholic liver disease, may negate any HDL-related cardioprotection.

    Conclusions:

    • While alcohol itself might elevate HDL, alcoholism complicates this association.
    • Alcoholic liver disease is a critical factor likely negating the potential cardioprotective effects of HDL elevation.
    • The net effect of alcoholism on CHD risk, considering HDL modulation, is likely unfavorable.

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