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Tuberculosis in fennec foxes

E M Himes, D W Luchsinger, J L Jarnagin

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Fennec foxes in two zoos exhibited lesions consistent with canine tuberculosis. Mycobacterium bovis was identified as the causative agent in these exotic canids.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Pathology
    • Microbiology
    • Zoological Medicine

    Background:

    • Fennec foxes (Fennecus zerda) are small desert canids increasingly kept in zoological collections.
    • Tuberculosis is a significant infectious disease affecting various animal species, including canids.
    • Understanding disease prevalence and etiology in exotic species is crucial for conservation and public health.

    Observation:

    • Fennec foxes from two zoological institutions presented with gross and microscopic lesions characteristic of canine tuberculosis during necropsy.
    • Histopathological examination revealed a significant presence of acid-fast bacilli within affected tissues, including the liver, lymph nodes, spleen, kidneys, and lungs.
    • These findings indicated a disseminated tuberculous infection within the affected animals.

    Findings:

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    • Mycobacterium bovis was successfully isolated from tissue samples collected during necropsy.
    • Biochemical characterization and pathogenicity tests in guinea pigs and rabbits confirmed the identification of Mycobacterium bovis.
    • The isolated strain demonstrated typical virulence, consistent with tuberculosis in canids.

    Implications:

    • This study confirms Mycobacterium bovis as a cause of tuberculosis in fennec foxes, highlighting a potential zoonotic risk.
    • It underscores the importance of diagnostic surveillance for mycobacterial infections in zoological collections.
    • Findings contribute to the understanding of tuberculosis epidemiology in exotic canids and inform biosecurity protocols in zoos.