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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication02:38

S-Cdk Initiates DNA Replication

The cell cycle is a series of events leading to DNA duplication followed by the division of cell content to form two daughter cells. The cell cycle progresses in four stages—the cell increases in size (gap 1 or G1-phase), duplicates its DNA (synthesis or S-phase), prepares to divide (gap 2 or G2-phase), and divides (mitosis or M-phase).
Two states at the origin of replication
In eukaryotes, the initiation of replication occurs at many sites on the chromosomes, called the origins of replication.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
06:40

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Autonomously replicating sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

C S Chan, B K Tye

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |November 1, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers identified yeast DNA segments enabling autonomous replication. These segments significantly enhance plasmid transformation efficiency, aiding in the study of yeast genetics and DNA replication.

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    Single-Copy Gene Locus Chromatin Purification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    10:33

    Single-Copy Gene Locus Chromatin Purification in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Published on: November 17, 2023

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Yeast Genetics

    Background:

    • Understanding DNA replication mechanisms is crucial for genetic engineering and molecular biology.
    • Identifying autonomously replicating sequences (ARS) in yeast is key to developing stable plasmids for research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a method for isolating DNA segments from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that enable autonomous replication.
    • To characterize these DNA segments and their role in plasmid stability and transformation efficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing the differential transformation efficiency between autonomously replicating and non-replicating plasmids in yeast spheroplasts.
    • Cloning DNA segments from total yeast DNA into the pBR322 plasmid containing the yeast LEU2 gene.
    • Analyzing the cloned DNA inserts to categorize them as unique or repetitive sequences within the yeast genome.

    Main Results:

    • Autonomously replicating plasmids demonstrated a ~1000-fold higher transformation frequency compared to non-replicating plasmids.
    • Several DNA segments were successfully cloned, conferring autonomous replication ability to the pBR322-LEU2 plasmid.
    • These cloned segments enabled high-frequency transformation of Leu- spheroplasts to Leu+.
    • Analysis revealed that the isolated DNA segments could be either unique or repetitive in the yeast genome.

    Conclusions:

    • A robust method for isolating autonomously replicating DNA sequences (ARS) from yeast chromosomal DNA has been established.
    • These ARS elements are essential for high-efficiency plasmid transformation and autonomous replication in yeast.
    • The identified ARS elements can be either unique or repetitive, suggesting diverse origins and roles within the yeast genome.