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Nonspecific activation of complement by leukemic cells

T Shimbo, J Yata, H Okada

    International Journal of Cancer
    |October 15, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Non-specific activation of complement (NAC) was observed on cells from acute monocytic leukemias and generalized reticulohistiocytosis. This complement activation, identified by human erythrocyte adherence, was absent in other leukemic and normal cells.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Hematology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • The alternative complement pathway plays a role in innate immunity.
    • Complement activation on cell membranes can lead to cellular damage or immune responses.
    • Non-specific activation of complement (NAC) is a phenomenon that can occur on various cell types.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and characteristics of non-specific activation of complement (NAC) on different cell types.
    • To determine which specific cell populations exhibit NAC ability via the alternative pathway.
    • To confirm complement activation using the immune adherence reaction with human erythrocytes.

    Main Methods:

    • Incubation of leukemic cells and cells from generalized reticulohistiocytosis with normal human serum.

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  • Use of veronal-buffered saline with ethyleneglycoltetraacetrate and MG++ for complement activation.
  • Detection of complement activation by rosette formation of human erythrocytes (HuE) due to C3b generation on cell membranes.

    • Main Results:

    • Cells from Schilling-type acute monocytic leukemias and generalized reticulohistiocytosis demonstrated NAC ability.
    • All other tested leukemic cells, including normal hematopoietic and lymphoreticular cells, were NAC-negative.
    • Normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, even when stimulated with mitogens, did not generate NAC ability.

    Conclusions:

    • Non-specific activation of complement via the alternative pathway is specifically associated with certain leukemic cells and cells from generalized reticulohistiocytosis.
    • The immune adherence reaction using HuE is a reliable method for detecting complement activation on cell membranes.
    • These findings suggest a potential role for complement dysregulation in specific hematological malignancies.