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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
Nuclear Fuels
Nuclear fuel consists of a fissile isotope, such as uranium-235, which must be present in sufficient quantity to provide a...
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Three-Phase Short Circuit—Unloaded Synchronous Machine01:21

Three-Phase Short Circuit—Unloaded Synchronous Machine

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Conducting a three-phase short circuit test on an unloaded synchronous machine helps understand its impact on the system. The AC fault current's oscillogram, with the DC offset removed, reveals that the waveform amplitude decreases from an initially high value to a steady-state level for one phase of the machine.
This behavior occurs due to the magnetic flux produced by the short-circuit armature currents. Initially, these currents follow high-reluctance paths but eventually shift to...
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Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits01:21

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Determining the subtransient fault current in a power system involves representing transformers by their leakage reactances, transmission lines by their equivalent series reactances, and synchronous machines as constant voltage sources behind their subtransient reactances. In this analysis, certain elements are excluded, such as winding resistances, series resistances, shunt admittances, delta-Y phase shifts, armature resistance, saturation, saliency, non-rotating impedance loads, and small...
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Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

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Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Thomson's e/m Experiment

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In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
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Three mile island. The silent disaster

J S Smith, J H Fisher

    JAMA
    |April 24, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary

    During the Three Mile Island nuclear accident, Dauphin County developed unique emergency plans for mass evacuation, including medical facilities. This response highlighted innovative strategies for patient classification and hospital coordination during a crisis.

    Area of Science:

    • Emergency Medicine
    • Public Health Preparedness
    • Nuclear Safety

    Background:

    • The Three Mile Island nuclear accident in 1979 caused widespread panic in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania.
    • Prompted by the crisis, the Dauphin County Office of Emergency Preparedness initiated unprecedented planning for large-scale evacuations.
    • The plan encompassed both the general population and critical medical facilities within a 20-mile radius.

    Observation:

    • A unique patient classification system was developed to match individuals with appropriate transportation during medical evacuations.
    • A vital coordination link was established with the Hospital Association of Pennsylvania.
    • This collaboration facilitated the identification and categorization of relocation beds in distant hospitals.

    Findings:

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  • The planning activities were novel, as such comprehensive evacuation strategies for medical facilities had not been previously conceived or implemented.
  • The incident necessitated the creation of a robust system for managing medical needs during a nuclear emergency.
  • Effective inter-agency communication and resource management were crucial for the evacuation plan's success.

    • Implications:

    • The Three Mile Island evacuation planning serves as a critical case study for nuclear emergency preparedness.
    • The developed strategies can inform future disaster response protocols for medical facilities.
    • This event underscored the importance of proactive and adaptive planning in public health emergencies.