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Complement does not facilitate plasmodial infections

P A Ward, R B Sterzel, H L Lucia

    Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
    |May 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The complement system exacerbates Plasmodium infections in rats, increasing parasitemia and mortality. However, complement does not facilitate Plasmodium infection in human red blood cells in vitro or in vivo.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Parasitology

    Background:

    • The complement system is a crucial part of innate immunity.
    • Its role in Plasmodium infections, particularly Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei, remains incompletely understood.
    • Understanding complement's influence is vital for developing targeted therapies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of the complement system on Plasmodium infections.
    • To determine if complement facilitates Plasmodium infection in vivo and in vitro.

    Main Methods:

    • Complement component 3 (C3) depletion in rats infected with Plasmodium berghei using cobra venom factor.
    • In vitro infection of human red blood cells by Plasmodium falciparum using inactivated or complement-deficient human sera.

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  • Assessment of parasitemia, mortality rates, and red blood cell infection efficiency.

    • Main Results:

    • C3 depletion in rats led to more rapid Plasmodium berghei infection, higher parasitemia, and 60% mortality, compared to C3-intact controls.
    • Plasmodium falciparum infection of human red blood cells was unaffected by serum inactivation (heat or immune complexes).
    • Human sera deficient in C2, C3, C4, or C5 supported red blood cell infection as effectively as intact serum.

    Conclusions:

    • Complement component 3 (C3) appears to enhance Plasmodium berghei infection severity in rats.
    • The complement system does not facilitate in vitro or in vivo infection of red blood cells by Plasmodium species.
    • These findings contrast with the known role of complement in Babesia infections.