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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Secondary Active Transport01:55

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Using Caco-2 Cells to Study Lipid Transport by the Intestine
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Intestinal microcirculation and transmucosal fluid transport

D N Granger

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |May 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Intestinal fluid absorption relies on blood and lymph capillaries. Pressures and capillary function within the intestinal mucosa dictate how absorbed fluid moves between blood and lymph vessels.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Microcirculation

    Background:

    • Blood and lymph capillaries are crucial for fluid removal from the intestinal mucosa interstitium.
    • Literature suggests interstitial hydrostatic and oncotic pressures are key in partitioning absorbed fluid between blood and lymph.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a hypothesis on the roles of the interstitium, lymphatics, and capillaries in intestinal fluid transport.
    • To discuss the impact of interstitial fluid compartmentation on interpreting whole organ data.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on intestinal fluid absorption.
    • Analysis of whole organ studies related to fluid transport.
    • Consideration of capillary dynamics and interstitial pressures.

    Main Results:

    • Hydrostatic and oncotic pressures in the intestinal mucosa interstitium are primary determinants of fluid distribution.
    • Capillary density and permeability significantly affect the efficiency of fluid removal by blood capillaries.
    • Interstitial fluid compartmentation can influence the interpretation of overall fluid transport data.

    Conclusions:

    • A hypothesis is proposed regarding the interplay of interstitium, lymphatics, and capillaries in intestinal fluid absorption.
    • Understanding interstitial fluid dynamics is essential for accurate interpretation of whole organ fluid transport studies.