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Alternatives to radioimmunoassay: labels and methods
Clinical Chemistry
|July 1, 1981
Summary
This review explores alternative labels for radioisotopes in immunoassays, including enzymes and particulates. New methods, especially those enabling automation and eliminating separation steps, are highlighted for improved diagnostic efficiency.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Radioisotopes have been traditional labels in immunoassay systems.
- The use of radioisotopes presents challenges related to safety, disposal, and cost.
- There is a need for alternative labeling strategies in immunoassays.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review various labels used as substitutes for radioisotopes in immunoassay systems.
- To describe new methods for performing immunoassays with these alternative labels.
- To identify promising methods for automation and reduced complexity.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of non-radioactive labels for immunoassays.
- Categorization of labels including bacteriophages, chemiluminescence precursors, fluorochromes, enzymes, and particulates.
- Analysis of novel immunoassay methodologies employing these labels.
Main Results:
- Identified a wide range of substitutes for radioisotopes, such as enzymes, fluorochromes, and particulates.
- Described new immunoassay techniques utilizing these diverse labels.
- Highlighted methods that eliminate separation steps, facilitating automation.
Conclusions:
- Non-radioactive labels offer viable alternatives to radioisotopes in immunoassays.
- Emerging methods show significant potential for simplified, automated, and efficient immunoassays.
- These advancements can lead to more accessible and cost-effective diagnostic tools.