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Pseudomembranous (antibiotic-associated) colitis

L S Saco, K J Herlihy, D W Powell

    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
    |May 1, 1981
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is caused by Clostridium difficile toxin. Diagnosis involves stool culture and sigmoidoscopy, with effective treatment including vancomycin.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is a significant nosocomial infection.
    • The understanding of its etiology has evolved rapidly in the past decade.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the advancements in knowledge regarding PMC.
    • To highlight the development and implementation of targeted therapies.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and culture of Clostridium difficile and its toxin from patient stools.
    • Diagnostic confirmation via sigmoidoscopy to detect pseudomembranes.
    • Laboratory techniques for identifying C. difficile and its toxin.

    Main Results:

    • Clostridium difficile or its toxin detected in 90% of PMC patients.

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  • C. difficile is rarely found in healthy individuals.
  • Sigmoidoscopy is effective in diagnosing PMC.

    • Conclusions:

    • Clostridium difficile is the causative agent of PMC.
    • Prompt diagnosis and treatment, including vancomycin, are highly effective.
    • Relapses may necessitate repeat courses of therapy.