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Variation in delayed hypersensitivity in onchocerciasis

A Bartlett, J Turk, J Ngu

    Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
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    Immediate reactions to Onchocerca volvulus antigen were common in onchocerciasis patients. Delayed reactions were observed only in the localized sowda form, suggesting distinct immunological profiles in onchocerciasis.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Parasitology
    • Dermatology

    Background:

    • Onchocerciasis is a filarial disease caused by Onchocerca volvulus.
    • Two clinical forms exist: generalized and localized sowda.
    • Immune responses in these forms are not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the immunological differences between generalized and sowda onchocerciasis.
    • To evaluate skin test reactions to Onchocerca volvulus and Necator americanus antigens.

    Main Methods:

    • Soluble antigens were prepared from Onchocerca volvulus adults and Necator americanus larvae.
    • Intradermal skin tests were performed on 100 individuals with onchocerciasis (86 generalized, 14 sowda).
    • Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions were recorded.

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    Main Results:

    • 91 individuals showed immediate reactions to Onchocerca volvulus antigen.
    • Delayed reactions to Onchocerca volvulus antigen were exclusively observed in the sowda form.
    • Reactions to Necator americanus antigen were present in both onchocerciasis forms.

    Conclusions:

    • The absence of delayed skin reactions in generalized onchocerciasis suggests an anergic state.
    • Findings support the concept of a clinical and immunological spectrum in onchocerciasis.
    • Distinct immune responses may differentiate onchocerciasis forms.